Grape (Vitis sp.) belonging to Family Vitaceae is a commercially important fruit crop. The grapes fruit contains about 20% sugar in easily digestible form besides being rich in calcium and phosphorus. Also, it is mostly consumed as fresh fruit and dry fruits like raisins, etc.
Grapes is one of the fruit crops that are grown widely in the world and grapes occupy the second rank in terms of production, Egypt is the largest Arab countries producing grapes, and considered one of an important economic and exported crop, which is affected by potassium directly in terms of: -
Grape crop was affected by the shortage of phosphorus because phosphorus is one of the Essential nutrients:
Calcium is one of the most important nutrients for the productivity and quality of the grape crop because it has many physiological effects, the most important of which are:
Potassium deficiency symptoms on grapes lead to poor vegetative growth and yellowing edges of leaves to inside. Before burning of leaves a dark purple color appears, the most important of these symptoms are:
Symptoms deficiency of phosphorus on leaves become a dark green color and under severe deficiency the leaves turn into a scarlet or red color as symptoms of deficiency appear in:
The lack of calcium in grapes leads to the drying of shoot tips of branches and roots as well as: